Bible Word Study
οὐδαμῶς
oydamōs · by no means
οὐδαμῶς
by no means
Definition
The adverb οὐδαμῶς is a strong, emphatic negation meaning 'by no means,' 'not at all,' or 'in no way.' It functions to completely and definitively rule out a possibility or statement. In its single New Testament occurrence in Matthew 2:6, it is used in a quotation from Micah 5:2 to emphasize that Bethlehem is 'by no means least' among the rulers of Judah, directly contradicting any potential underestimation of the town's significance. This emphatic force makes it a stronger negation than a simple 'οὐ' (not).
Biblical Usage
This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 2:6. It appears within a prophetic citation applied to Jesus's birthplace, Bethlehem. The context is the chief priests and scribes quoting the prophet Micah to King Herod. The usage is literary and declarative, serving to correct a potential misperception and to highlight the supreme importance of Bethlehem in God's redemptive plan, despite its small size.
Etymology
Derived from the combination of the negative adverb οὐδὲ (oude, meaning 'and not' or 'not even') and the adverbial suffix -μῶς, which intensifies the negation. It is a compound word that essentially means 'in not even a single way,' hence its emphatic sense of 'by no means.' It is a stronger form than the simple negative οὐ (ou).
Semantic Range
Though used only once, its theological weight is significant. In Matthew 2:6, it underscores the theme of divine reversal and God's choice of the humble and seemingly insignificant. The word forcefully declares that Bethlehem's status is not defined by human standards of importance but by its role in salvation history as the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah. Understanding this emphatic negation enriches the reading by highlighting the certainty and divine authority behind the prophecy. In the Greco-Roman world, such strong adverbial negations were used in formal rhetoric and legal contexts to make absolute, unambiguous statements. Its use in a biblical quotation lends a definitive, authoritative tone to the prophetic declaration, leaving no room for doubt or alternative interpretation about Bethlehem's divinely appointed honor. οὐ μή (ou mē, G3364 G3361) — a double negative with emphatic future negation, often 'certainly not.'; οὐδὲ (oude, G3761) — a connective negative, 'and not,' 'not even,' 'nor.'; μηδαμῶς (mēdamōs, G3361 + μῶς) — a similarly emphatic negative, but using μή, often used in prohibitions or conditional statements.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). Concordance and morphology data are derived from the interlinear Bible.
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]