προσδαπανάω

I spend in addition

Definition

The verb προσδαπανάω means 'to spend in addition' or 'to spend extra.' It denotes an act of going beyond a basic or initial expenditure, adding further resources to an existing outlay. In its single biblical occurrence in Luke 10:35, it describes the Samaritan's promise to the innkeeper to cover any additional costs incurred while caring for the wounded man. The word implies a voluntary, generous extension of financial responsibility beyond what was initially agreed or expected.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 10:35, within the Parable of the Good Samaritan. It appears in a narrative context of practical, compassionate care. The Samaritan tells the innkeeper, 'and on my return I will repay you whatever more (προσδαπανήσῃς) you spend.' The usage highlights a commitment to cover unforeseen or extra expenses, emphasizing the completeness and reliability of the care being provided.

Etymology

The word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pros, meaning 'to' or 'toward,' often implying addition) and the verb δαπανάω (dapanaō, G1159, 'to spend, expend, consume'). Literally, it means 'to spend toward' or 'to spend in addition.' It builds on the core idea of expenditure (δαπανάω) by adding the notion of supplementary or extra spending.

Semantic Range

While not a theologically heavy term, προσδαπανάω enriches the understanding of grace and neighborly love in the Parable of the Good Samaritan. It illustrates that true, Christ-like compassion (Luke 10:33-34) is not limited or calculated but is willing to bear unexpected and ongoing costs. It models a generosity that goes beyond the minimum requirement, reflecting God's abundant grace. Understanding this Greek term highlights the depth of the Samaritan's commitment, serving as a practical picture of self-sacrificial love.

In the cultural setting of Luke 10:35, innkeepers often provided basic lodging and care, but extra services (like extended care for an injured person) would incur additional costs. The Samaritan's promise to cover these future, unspecified expenses was a significant gesture of trust and responsibility, ensuring the wounded man received full care without burdening the innkeeper. This went beyond a simple transaction, reflecting a patron-like assurance of financial backing.

δαπανάω (dapanaō, G1159) — The root verb meaning simply 'to spend' or 'expend,' without the connotation of additional or extra outlay.

Word Details

Scripture References