Affray

See Crimes and Punishments. AFORE and its compounds. — Afore = before, is nsed aa prep. Is 18° 'afore the liarvest'; as adj. 2 Es 5"' ' the night a.' ; and as adv. Ro 1' ' which he had promised afore.' Aforehand as adv. = beforehand, in anticipation, occurs Mk 14' 'She is come a. to anoint my body' ; and Jth 7'. Afore- promised is now found 2 Co 9" RV 'your a. iMjunty ' {■n-ponniYYeXiiii'os). Aforesaid occurs only 2 Mac 4'^ 14'. Aforetime = formerly, as Dn 6'" '(Daniel) prayed ... as he did a.'

Aforetime is happily introduced by RV at Dt 2i»- '- ^, Jos 4'», 1 Ch 4", Jn 9' Ro 3^ Eph 2a-", Col 3', Tit 3», Philem v.", 1 P 3°, for various AV expressions, generally as tr. of d'js^ or Ttn-e. The a in these words is a worn-down form of the old Eng. prep. an or on. See A. J. Hastings. AFTER, AFTERWARD ('After, orginally a compar. of af, Lat. ab, Gr. dx4, Skr. dpa, with compar. suffix -ter, like -ther in "either," etc. = farther oil'.'

— Murray) is found in AV and RV in all the modem usages as adv., prep., and conj., both of place and of time. The only examples demanding attention are : 1. some pas- sages where after means 'according to,' as in Gn P"* 'And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness ' ; esp. the following (where Gr.

is (card), Ro 2' ' after thy hardness and impeni- tent heart' ; 1 Co 7" 'after my judgment' ; 2 Co 11" 'That which I speak, I speak it not after the Lord ' ; Eph 4* ' The new man, which after God is created in righteousness ' ; 2 P 3' ' Scoffers, walking after their own lusts ' ; G al 4^ 'he who was of the bondwoman was bom after the flesh ' ; Tit 1' ' the acknowledging of the truth which is after (RV 'according to') godliness'; and He 4" (where Gr.

is iy) 'lest any man fall after (RVra 'into') the same example of unbelief.' 2, Where after means ' in proportion to ' : Ps 28* ' give them after the work of their hands ' ; Ps 90" (Pr. Bk.) 'Comfort us again now after the time that Thou hast plagued us.' So Ps 51' (Pr. Bk. ). Cf. Litany, ' Deal not with us after our sins,' and Wyclif's ti. of Mt 16" 'He schal yelde to every man after his works.' 3.

Where after is used for afterwards, as 1 K 17" ' Make me thereof a little caKe first, and bring it unto me, and after (RV 'afterward') make for thee and for thy son.' So He 11', 2P2«. Afterward is the older form ; when the AV was made, 'aftenvards' was coming into use. Skeat says he has not been able to fand it much earlier than Shakespeare's time (but Ox/. Diet, gives one 1300, and one 1375). AV (Camb. ed. ) has afterward 66 times, afterwards 13 times. J. HASTINGS.

AGABDS ('A^o/Soj, of uncertain derivation ; probably from either 3jij 'a locust,' Ezr 2**, or 3?V ' to "love '), a ChrLstian prophet living at Jeru- salem, Ac Il"-» 21"»-". Though the prophets were not essentially predicters of the future, the case of Agabus shows that their functions some- times included the actual prediction of coming event-s. At Antioch, A.D. 44, A. foretold a famine ' over all the world ' in the days of Claudius.

Only local famines are kno>vn in this reign, though some were so severe as necessarily to affect indirectly the entire empire (Suet. Claud, xviii. ; Tac. Ann. xiL 43; Euseb. Ckron. Arm., ed. SchOne, ii. 252 et nl.) Both Suetonius and Eusebius date a famine in the fourth year of Claudius, A.D. 45; and since Juda?a as well as Greece suffered, it is probably this to which Agabus referred. Josephus speaks of its severity, and of means taken for its relief {Ant. III. xv. 3, XX. ii 6 and v. 2).

The other prophecy of Agaboa (A.D. 59) followed the OT method of symbolism, and has a close paiillel in Jn 21''. He foretold to St. Paul his imprisonment in Jerusalem, but did not thereby divert him from the journey. Nothing more is known concerning Agabus, though there are traditions that he was one of the seventy disciples of Christ, and that he suffered martyrdom at Antioch. R. W. Moss. AGAG (3;k, Nu 24' 3:15 ' violent (?)' Assyr. ag&gu, ' displeasure ').

— A king of the Amalekites, con- quered by Saul and, contrary to the divine command, saved alive, but put to death by Samuel (1 S 15). From the way in which the name is used by Balaam (Nu 24'), it seems not to have been the name of any one individual prince, but, like Pharaoh among the Egyptians, and (possibly) Abimelech amon" the Philistines, a designation or title borne by all the kings, — perhaps by the king of that nation which stood at the head of the confederacy.

Kneucker and others, without any reasonable ground, insist upon taking it as a personal name, and make its use by the writer of Nu 24' a reminiscence of the story from Saul's time. J. Macphkrson.