Expect, expectation (Hastings' Dictionary)

Following Lat. expectare, ' expect ' meant in older En^;. not only ' look forward to,' but also simply ' wait, or ' await.' Thus in Douay Bible the comment on Sir 11' is ' Expect the end of another mans speach, before you begin to answer. Expect also if anie that is elder, or better able wil answer first.' Expect is used in this way in Job 3'2'm., 2 Mac 9-^, and He 10" ' From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.' Tlie Gr.

of last passage is iKStxoiMt, elsewhere in NT tr^ ' wait for' (Jn 5», KV omits, Ac 17'", Ja 5'), 'tarry for' (1 Co 11», KV 'wait for'), 'look for' (1 Co 16" RV 'expect,' He 11'°). Cf. Bacon, Adv. of Learn- ing, i. (Selby's ed. p. 14, 1. 35), ' The most active or busy man that hath been or can be, hath, no question, many vacant times of leisure, while he expecteth the tides and returns of business.' Expectation is used throughout in the sense of looking forward to with hope.

Thus even in Ps 62' ' My soul, wait thou only upon God ; for my expectation is from him,' the Heb. is tikwah (■■'li?'), similarly tr^ in Ps 9" and in Pr, but most often tr ' hope,' and the meaning is ' tliat which I hope for, my deliverance.' In Ro 8", Ph !*• ' earnest expectation ' is an effort to bring out the full force of the Gr. word iroKapadoKla, which is found nowhere else.

It is formed from Sok^w in the sense of 'watch,' Kiipa, the 'head,' and iiri, ' from,' so that it means (Sanday-Headlam) ' awaiting with outstretched head,' the prep. denoting ' diversion from other things and con- centration on a single object.' The Vulg. has simply expeclatio, whence Khemish ' expectation.' Wye. has 'abiding.' But in Ho 8" 'lind. gives ' fervent desire,' and is generally followed (Gov. ' fervent longing '). ' Earnest expectation ' is the Bishops' translation in both places.

J. Hastings. EXPEDIENT is never found in AV in the sense of ' expeditious,' as so often in Shakespeare. On the other hand, it never means merely ' convenient ' (opposed to what is rigidly right), as in modern Engli.sh. The Greek is always auii(p(pei, or (2 Co 12') ffiz/i^poc ( = ' it is profitable,' as AV and RV else- where tr. the word, except in Mt 18' AV ' it were better,' and 19'° AV ' it is not good,' RV ' it is not expedient').

So even CaiapTias (Jn 11*° 'it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people ') does not openly prefer, as a modern politician, the convenient to the just. His words are like those of Jeremiah (26''' Cov.), ' Now as for me : I am in your handes, do with me as ye tliinke expedient and good,' though his spirit is the opposite. J. IIastinqs.

CXPERIENCE, which is the result of • experi- ment,' weia sometimes used for the experiment itself, as Baker, Jewell of Health, 112* 'The Aucthour . . hath both seen and done many experiences worthy memorie.' This is no doubt the meaning in On 3(F', where Laban says to Jacob, ' I have learned by experience that the Lord hath blessed me for thy sake.' It is the Douay translation. The Geneva has ' perceived,' but in marg. ' tried by experience.' The Hflb.

(V^nj) means to obeerre omens, whence RV I hare divined.' It Is used of Joseph's diviniiif^ by means of a cup ((In 4«'- 1», with tintcs by Del. Dillm. Wmk-) and elsewhere. The ptop. Is found I>t 18^^ a diviner,' whore see Driver's nut«. J. Hastincs. • There U no sucjrested connexion between ' watt ' and ' ex- pectation.' as the Ik-1>. for 'wait is Iw silent unto God,' as R Vni (Obeyne, * be simply resitfncd to God '\ EXPERIMENT is narrower and more concrete now than formerly.

Occurring in AV in 2 Co 9" only, ' Whiles by the experiment of this ministra- tion they glorify God,' its meaning is 'test,' 'proof,' as Wither (1618), Motto, Nee Careo, 533— ' I want not much experiment to show That all is good God pleaseth to bestow.' The Gr. is SoKifii/i (tr'' ' experience ' in Ro 5* AV, but RV ' probation ').

' Experiment ' is the Geneva word ; RV ' seeing that through the proving of you by this ministration they glorify God,' which IS a return to Wyclif, 'bi the preuynge of this mynysterie.' J. Hastings.