Eloi, lama sabachthani

Slightly different forms of the exclamation uttered by Jesus, accord- ing to the evangelists Matt. (27") and Mark (15") respectively, shortly before his death. Both evan- gelists follow it with the translation, in sliglitly varying terms : ' My God, my God (in Gospel of St. Peter ^ Sivaidt )iov ' my power ') why hast thou forsaken me ' (or ' why didst thou forsake me ') — which shows the cry to be a reminiscence of Ps 22'. But the Heb. of the psalm ("KQiv^, ■i=i' 'h>!

'bv, »■«■ eli, eli, lama azabhtani) agrees with neither form of the saying as given by the evan<;elists. Indeed the MSS of the Gospels exhibit cousidemble variety of spelling in the case of nearly every word (see Tischendorf, Nov. Test. Gr. eel. octava crit. maior, ll.cc). These variations start interest- ing inquiries, which this is not the place to follow out. Suffice it to say, that there is m tli" words a singular and somewhat perplexing combination of Heb. and Aramaic.

A\ hether, tor instance, the Eloi CEXoii) represents a provincial (Galilean?) pro- nunciation of the Heb. Eli (iiM), or the (poetic) sing. Eloah (even the reading iXaeln occurs ; cf. too, i\aet, Jg 5' Sept.), or is intended for a trans- literation of the Aram, alohi (elahi), has been questioned. Either form, we must suppose, could be so perverted as to serve the mocking jiretence that the sufferer was invoking Elijah.

For the form J ELIAB ELIAKIM 685 lama or lammn (so in Mark the Geneva version of 1557, and Rlieims), representing the Heb. (?), even some modem translators read lema, after the Aramaic. Tlie Aram, shebaktani reappears in o-o/So- rrord or aa^aKOaul (so Laclimann in Matt.)

: — the substitution in the majority of texts of x for « bein" due, perhaps, simply to the ordinary law of GreeK euphony ; or, should the spelling with x be equally ancient, it may indicate a variant pro- nunciation ; for the Heb. p is transliterated by x in other words also (as axe'KSanix Tdf. Treg., paxi Tdf. ; see Dalman, Gram. d. ptdisch-pal. Aramaisch, p. 304). The curious readmgs ^a^Oavel and fa/3o- ipBaird (see Tischendorf, u.s.) show the influence of the Hebrew.

This mixture of tongues points, per- haps, to independent traditions ; see the ed. of the Vulg. by Wordsworth and White, esp. the note on Matt. I.e. It seems, however, to afford but equivocal support to the theory that an Aram, version was current in our Lord's day, as the ecclesiastical or popular Hible [cf. Gesenius, Gesrh. d. Hebr. Sprache u. Schri/t., Leip. 1815, p. 73; Do Wette, Einl. ins A.T. § 57 (ed. Sclirader, 18G9, § 68) ; E. Bohl, FoTsch. nach ein.

Vullcsbibel zur Zeit Jesu, Wien, 1873]. J. H. Thayer. ELIAB (3i<''?K 'God is father,' A 'E\irf/3, except in 1 Ch 15", B K> 'EXiaX •« 'EXtiSrf, 2 Ch l!' B 'EKidv, Jth 8' B 'E\fid^, K 'Efd^).—i. According to P, son of Helon, and prince of Zebulun, who repre- sented his tribe at the census and on certain other occasions, Nu 1» 2' 7»*- " lO" (P). 2. A Reubenite, father of Dathan and Abiram, Nu IG", " (.IE), Dt 11'.

P gives, as further details, Eliab's father's name, Pallu, and the name of another son, Nemuel (Nu 2(5"-). The fatlier's name, Pallu, probably stood in the original text of Nu 16"". See DUlmann, ad loc, and art. Korah. 3, Eldest son of Jesse, and brother of David. His appearance led Samuel to suppose that he must be the chosen of J" to succeed Saul.

With his two brothers, Abinadab and Shammah, he joined Saul's army at the time that Goliath was insulting Israel ; during this time David visited his brother in the camp, and was addressed by E. in insulting terms. E. had a daughter named Abihail (see art.), 1 S 16'''- 17""''', 1 Ch 2", 2 Ch 11": on 1 Ch 27" see Elihu. 4. According to the reading of 1 Ch 6" (Heb. ") the name of an ancestor of Samuel — an Ephraimite. Variants are Eliel, 1 Ch 6" (Heb. '»), and Elihu, 1 S 1'. See El.inu. 3.

One of the Gadite warriors who joined David during his wanderings, 1 Cli 12'. These warriors and their doings are described in 1 Ch 12"- '"•. 6. A Levite who, according to the Chronicler, was a musician appointed in the time of David to play the psaltery (Sjj), in the first instance in connexion with the bringing up of the ark to Jerus., 1 Ch IS*"-. Perhaps the name was that of a (post-exilic) family of singers. Cf. refer- ences in Ammiel (No. 3). 7. According to the genealogy in .

Ith 8', a remote ancestor of Judith, and consequently a Simeonite, cf. 9'; and with 'Salamicl, the son of Salasadai ' (8'), cf. Nu l«(Heb. and LXX). G. B. Gray. or the ELIADA (v;:^ti 'whom God takes notice of,' 'cares for'; Itt. 'knows.' For tliis nuctnrc of t verb, cf. Gn 18", Ex 2-", Ps 1» RV).— 1. ■EmSai, repeated as BaaXtiMdS B, "EXiJai^ A, BaoXiXdff Luc. A son of David (2 S S'"), called yn;^;? Beeliada (whicli seel in 1 Ch 14'. 2. ('EXinJo^'A, om. B Luc.)

Father of Rezon, a Syrian, captain of a marauding band which resisted Solomon's autho- rity (1 K ir^j. 3. CK\tt5i B, 'EXcaSd A Luc.) A warrior of Benjamin (2 Ch 17"). C. F. BURNEY. ELIADAS (EXtaJai), 1 Es 9". €lioenai. -In Ear 10" ELIAHBA (i«:n-.;>(( ' God hideth '), one of David's 'Thirty,' 2S23'», IChll*'; •ja'-v^j'r. 'the Shaal- bonite of the Heb. text, should be more correctly pointed •ii^u.VO ' the Shaalabbiunite ' (cf. Jos 19"). J. F. Stennino. ELIAKIM (D'p;7(< ' whom God sets up ' ; cf.

Saba?an '>NDpn, Susp' ; 'EXioxei/i ('EXiaKlii M ti in Is 22-)). — 1. Son of Hilkiah, and prefect of the palace in succession to Shebna during the latter or middle portion of Ilezekiah's reign (Is 22-'"'-, 2 K 18""- = Is "Sty"'-).

Tliis prefecture, described as n:;rr'7y ' over the household,' seems to have embraced the dis- charge of all the domestic aflfairs of the king, and was a position of the highest rank, being held by Jotham the heir to the throne, after his father king Azariah had been smitten with leprosy (2 K 15'). First mention of the oflice occurs during Solomon's reign (1 K 4'), and it existed, apparently with similar powers and dignity, in the kingdom of Israel as in Judah (1 K Iff* 1S^ 2 K 10»).

Delitzsch and others compare the Merovingian office of major domus (maire du palais). The prefect appears to have also been known as [Db sO/cen, rendered by RV ' treasurer,' m ' steward.' This title is connected by Cheyne {Is. ii. 153) with the Assyr. saknu 'a high officer,' from sakin ' to set up, place' ; but the fact tliat the fem.

nj:b ^okineth is used of Abishag in 1 K 1- seems rather to connect the word with the verb pj^n Aw/jjn, 'deal familiarly with,' from which was derived the general meaning of caretaker or attendant (see the writer's note on 1 K 1'). The title occurs in a Plioen. inscription from Lebanon belonging probably to the 8th cent. B.C. : ' Soken of the New City, servant of Hiram, king of the Sidonians' {CIS I. i. 5). E.

appears to have been a disciple or political ally of tlie prophet Isaiah, who predicts in glowing terms his succession to the office of prefect in place of his unworthy predecessor (Is 22-"''). At his institution lie is to be invested with long tunic and girdle, the insignia [uoper to his office, and is to receive as prime minister the title of ' Father ' of the kingdom (v.a', cf. Gn 45», 1 Mac 11'").

In figure, if not literally, as part of the ceremony of institution, the key of the house of David is said to be laid on his back, i.e. he is to act with full powers as the king's vizier or representative (v.'", quoted as a Messianic type Rev 3' ; cf. Mt 16"). At Sennacherib's invasion of Judaea, B.C. 701, Isaiah's prediction has come to fullilment, and E. appears as prefect, while Shebna holds merely the lower office of scribe. The last two vv.

of the prophecy (Is 22"-') are involved in considerable obscurity. (o) Most obviously ' the nail tliat was fastened in a sure place,' v.^, must refer, as in v.", to E., whose fall will result from the abuse of his Iiigh position by the undue exercise of nepotism (v.*, the vessels large and small denote the various members of his family of greater or less ini|)ortance. '?3 n'l^?, RV 'all the glory,' is rendered by Delitzsch ' the whole heai-i/ lot ').

Such a iirediction, however, is scarcely consistent with tlie enthusiasm of w.'' ■, HUp]iosiiig the whole prophecy to have been written down by Isaiah at one sitting, either prior to E.'s elevation ((Jitlli), or 'after the fate of Doth dignitaries, revealed to liim at two difl'erent times, had found its fuUihnenl' (Delitzsch). If, therefore, yy a4.a» refer to E.

, we must conclude (Hitzig, Cheyne) that they were jienned subsequently to the former part of the prophecy, whether by Isaiah himself, or ijy some other lianu. (6) Gesenius, Ewald, Driver, Dillniann consider the 'nail' of v.^ to be dillerent from that of v.", and to refer back to Shebna, whose fall is to take place 'in that day,' i.e. simultaneously with the rise of E. 2. The orig. name of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, 686 ELIALI ELIEZER which see (2 K 23' = 2 Ch 36). 3.

A priest who took part in the dedication of the wall of Jems, under Nehemiah (Neh 12"). i. 5. In Mt 1" and in Lk 3"- " ; ancestors of our Lord (.see Genealogy). C. F. Burney. ELIALI (A'EXiaXd, B 'EJiaXris), 1 Es O".— The name either corresponds to Binnui in Ezr 10^ or Is unrepresented there. ELIAM (oySx ' God is kinsman ' ; 'KXirfjS, BA in 2 S IP, and B in 2 S 23", where A has Oile\m0).* —1.

Father of Bath-sheba, whose iirst husband was a Hittite, 1 8 11M = 1 Ch 3', where Eliara is called Anuniel ; see below). Eliam himself, therefore, may have been a foreigner. 2. Son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, and one of David's heroes. It is not impossible that this Eliam is the same as tlie pre- ceding, but there is no evidence that such was the ca,se (2 S 23**). The omission of the name from the parallel list in 1 Ch 11 is probably due to textual corruption.

See Driver, Samuel, note on 2 S 23*. G. B. Gray. ELIAONIAS (A 'E\iowr(as, B 'EXiaXwWaj), 1 Es 8". — A descendant of Phaath-moab, who returned from Babylon with Esdras. In Ezr 8 Eliehoenai.