Pass, passage, passenger (Hastings' Dictionary)

The verb to pass is both trans. and intransitive. Of its trans. use in AV the only meaning demanding attention is to exceed, surpass : 2S 155 ‘Thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women’; 2 Ch 9” ‘King Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in alien and wisdom’ (RV ‘ exceeded’); Ezk 32” ‘Whom dost thou pass in beauty ?’; 1 Es 1 ‘The governors ...

passed all the pollutions of all nations’; Sir 25" ‘The love of the Lord passeth all things for illumination’; Eph 3” ‘The love of Christ, which passeth knowle fe Ph 47 ‘The eace of God, which passeth all understanding.’ f. Gn 26! Tind. ‘There fell a derth in the lande, passinge the first derth that fell in the dayes of Abraham’; Dt 958 Tind. ‘xl. stripes he shall geve him and not passe.’ So the participle as adj, in Rhem. NT, Eph 119. ‘That ye may know. .

what is the passing greatness of his power.’ A slight difference=go beyond, is Pr 859. ‘ When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment’ (ya-nay ἐν, RV ‘should not transgress his commandment’).

Intransitively ‘pass’ is used in AV as we now use ‘pass away’: Job 14” ‘Thou prevailest for ever against him and he passeth’; Ps 148° ‘He hath made a decree which shall not pass’; Mt 5'* ‘Till heaven and earth pass’; Mt 24", Mk 13”, Lk 16 (RV always except Job 14” ‘pass ae which is the usual AV tr. for the verb used). So Hamilton, Catechism, fol. xiv, ‘Hevin and erd sall pas, bot my word sall nocht pas’; Ja 1” Rhem. ‘As the floure of grasse shal he passe.’ Cf.

also Chaucer, Squieres Tale, 494— “Why! that I have a leyser and a space, Myn harw I wol confessen, ere I pace’; and Shaks. K. Lear, V. iii. 314— ‘Vex not his ghost: O let him pass! he hates him much That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longer.’ A passage is in AV either a ford across a river or a mountain pass, except that once the word is used for ‘leave to pass,’ Nu 20" ‘Edom refused to rive Israel passage through his border.’* The deb.

is always some form from 134 ‘abhar, ‘to cross.’ The meaning is ford in Jos 22" ‘at the passage of the children of Israel’ (s3¥: 32 72u7>y, RV ‘on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel ’),t Of. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. (Selby’s ed. p. 36), As if the multitude, or the wisest for the multitude’s sake, were not ready to give passage rather to that which is popular and superficial, than to that which is substantial and profound.’ + The AV tr.

, which is from the Geneva Bible, refers to the place where the Israclites crossed the Jordan. But the word PASSION Jg 12° *(RV ‘ford’), Jer 51° (RVm ‘ ford’); and mountain pass in 1 § 1353 144, Is 10” (all ‘pass’ in RV), Jer 22° (RV ‘Abarim,’ which see). Cf. Coryat, Crudities, i, 210, ‘There are in Venice thirteen ferries or passages.’ Passage occurs also in Jth 67 77 of the approach to a city (ἀνάβασις, RV ‘ascent’), and in Wis 19"? of the way to the door of a house (δίοδος). Cf.

Milton, PL x. 304— “From hence a 6 broad, Smooth, easy, inoffensive down to Hell.’ Passenger in AV means ‘passer-by,’ not, as now, one ‘booked for a journey’: Pr 9% ‘She sitteth at ane Goon ce his house. . to call pas sengers who go right on their ways’ (377772)? Κ͵ RV “to call to them that pass by ἢ ἡ and Bak 494 te M15 (qnayn, RV ‘they that pass through’).* Cf. Hall, Works, ii.

104, ‘ Not as a passenger did Christ walke this way, but as a visitor, not to punish, but to heale’; Adams on 2 P 1" ‘The passengers in mockery bad Christ come down from the cross.’ J. HASTINGS. PASSION in AV has two meanings. 1. Su/ffer- ing (the lit. sense of Lat. passio; ef. ‘compassion’),t applied to the suffering of our Lord in Ac 1" ‘To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion’ (μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν αὐτόν). The word is a good one (being etymol.

connected with παθεῖν), it was taken by Wyclif from Vulg. post passionem suam, goes right πύλην the Eng. versions, and is re- tained in RV. Ct. ‘ Passion-week.’ But it is the only case in which ‘passion’ was accepted by AV from the earlier VSS: see He 2° Wye. ‘Ihesus for the passioun of deeth, crowned with glorie and honour’ (so Rhem., the rest ‘suffering’); 1 P 1” Wye. ‘the passiouns that ben in Crist’ (so Tind., Cran., Rhem., but Gen., AV ‘sufferings’); 44 Wye.

‘Comyne ye with the passiouns of Crist,’ Tind. ‘partetakers of Christes passions,’ 80 until A oe of Christ’s sufferings.’ Also in ref. to the believer’s suflerings (in the plu.) Ro 818 Wyc. ‘I deme that the passiouns of this tyme ben not worthi to the glori to comynge,’so Rhem., but Tind. and the rest ‘afflictions,’ AV ‘suffer- ings’; He 103 Wye. ‘Ye suffriden greet striif of assiouns,’ Tind. ‘a greate fyght in adversities,’ them. ‘a great fight of passions,’ AV ‘a great fight of afflictions.

’ It is evident that ‘passion’ in the sense of suffering was passing away when AV was translated (the Rhem. version follows the Vulg. too slavishly). Craik says that Shaks. retains the word in this sense only in two or three antique expressions, Indeed, except Hamlet, τι. i. 105, ‘Any passion under heaven that does afflict our natures,’ the only use in this sense is in strong scurrilous exclamations in reference to Christ’s last sufferings.

Butit is of course found in writers of the time and later; cf. Hall, Works, ii. 150— ‘Jewes and Samaritanes could not abide one another, yet here in leprosie they accord, .. com- munity ΑἹ passion hath made them friends, whom even religion disjoyned.’ 2. Feeling, emotion, only twice in AV, and both plural, Ac 14° ‘We also are men of like passions with you’ (ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν, RVm ‘of like nature’); Ja δ, Cf. Article i.

(in Thirty-nine Articles), ‘There is but one living and true God everlasting, without body, parts, or passions. This is nearly the sense of ‘ passions of sins’ in Ro 75, AVm and RV for AV ‘motions,’ where it is 8 literal tr. of the Gr. (ra παθήματα τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν), so tr. means usually ‘the other side,’ as in 15 263, whence LXX iv τῷ σίραν υἱῶν "Iepnta, Vulg. contra flios Israel.

* The Hebrew is difficult, probably corrupt, See Davidson, in loc, Some (by changing 03) into Ὁ) translate ‘a valley of Abarim.’ This, however, is to enlarge the extent of that geographical name on the basis of an emendation + Andrewes, Works, ii. 123, ‘Compassion is but passion at rebound.’ Of. also ‘ passioniess renown’ in the well-known hymna 684 PASSOVER PASSOVER though the approach is nearer to our modern use of ‘ passions.” In the mod.

sense RV has intro- duced the word also into Ro 155, Gal δ᾽, Col 3°, 1 Th 45, J. HASTINGS.