Joseph
Joseph, Jacob's son, rose to power in Egypt and saved his family during a famine.
Biography
Joseph, the eleventh son of Jacob and the first son of Rachel, is one of the most fully developed characters in the Old Testament. His story spans Genesis 37-50, tracing an arc from favored son to enslaved prisoner to second ruler of Egypt. Sold by his jealous brothers for twenty pieces of silver, Joseph endured years of slavery in the household of Potiphar and unjust imprisonment in Pharaoh's dungeon. Yet in each circumstance the text insists that God was with him (Genesis 39:2, 21). His God-given ability to interpret dreams ultimately brought him before Pharaoh, leading to his appointment over all Egypt. When famine drove his family to Egypt, Joseph, after testing his brothers, revealed himself and forgave them, orchestrating the preservation of the covenant family.
Significance
Joseph's life is one of Scripture's most powerful narratives of providence, typology, and redemption. His declaration to his brothers: 'You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good' (Genesis 50:20), encapsulates a theology of divine sovereignty working through human evil. Joseph prefigures Christ in striking ways: beloved son, betrayed for silver, unjustly condemned, exalted to save many lives. His story anchors the transition from the patriarchal promises to the Exodus narrative, preserving the covenant family through whom the Messiah would ultimately come, demonstrating that God's redemptive plan cannot be thwarted by human sin.
Verse Appearances (197)
Genesis
Numbers
Josh
2Sam
1Kgs
Obad
Zech
John
Hebrews
Revelation
References
- Orr, J. (ed.) (1915) The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Chicago: Howard-Severance Company. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Individualised Proper Names with all References (TIPNR). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Wikidata contributors (n.d.) Wikidata. Available at: https://www.wikidata.org. [CC0]
- Church of England (1769) The Holy Bible, Authorized (King James) Version. [Public Domain]
- Donald B. Redford (1970) A Study of the Biblical Story of Joseph (Genesis 37-50). doi:10.1163/9789004275430.Source-critical and Egyptological analysis of the Joseph novella and its compositional history.
- Claus Westermann (1986) Genesis 37-50: A Commentary. doi:10.2307/1518137.Form-critical commentary on the Joseph cycle emphasizing its novella-like literary character.
- George W. Coats (1976) From Canaan to Egypt: Structural and Theological Context for the Joseph Story. doi:10.2307/3265851.Structural analysis of the Joseph story's place within the Pentateuchal narrative.
- Nahum M. Sarna (1989) Genesis. JPS Torah Commentary.Authoritative Jewish commentary with detailed philological notes on the Joseph story.
